
"Vietnam is draining the material
and moral resources of the country from our really pressing problems."
-Senator Eugene McCarthy
Abbie Hoffman: Born 1936, Abbie Hoffman was one of the most notorious names in anti-war activism. Co-founder of the Youth International Party (yippies), he organized many happenings, including protests and demonstrations, as well as more politically active methods. One notable anti-war event was in 1967, during a mass march in Washington, D.C. Abbie Hoffman gathered thousands of people to surround the Pentagon and make it levitate, ridding it of evil spirits. He also resorted to pranks, like sending 3,000 marijuana cigarettes to random people from the phone book, claiming that the marijuana would mellow them and make them peaceful. In 1968, he and Jerry Rubin founded the Youth International Party, using it to organize even more ambitious stunts and protests. Later that year, Hoffman and others went to Chicago to protest against Hubert Humphrey being the democratic party's nominee for presidency. The police were on the lookout for any outlandish behavior at these protests, and there were immediate and violent confrontations between the protesters and the police. Hoffman was arrested for writing an obscenity on his forehead. He and other activists were grouped together for a trial, and they later became known as the "Chicago Seven". The trial became Hoffman's forum for statements, and, ultimately, he turned it into a circus. He was convicted, but in the end, the sentence was overturned. Later, he was arrested for selling cocaine, but escape, undergoing plastic surgery to alter his appearance. He resurfaced in 1980, and was sentenced to a year in prison. In 1989, he died of an apparent suicide in New Hope, PA, although not without leaving a mark on society.
Daniel Berrigan: Daniel Berrigan was born in 1921, and proceeded to become one of the most well-known protesters against the Vietnam War. He and his brother, Philip, became the first Roman Catholic priests to receive federal sentences for anti-war activities in the U.S. In 1967, he entered into the Customs House in Baltimore, and poured blood over the files of people the Selective Service were planning to draft. While waiting to be sentenced, he began to plan his most famous act of sabotage. He persuaded his brother and seven other Catholics to join him in going into a Selective Service office in Cantonville, MD. They emptied all the filing cabinets, as clerks watched, stunned, and took the draft records out to the parking lot where they burned them. He said that "I burned some paper because I was trying to say that the burning of children was inhumane and unbearable, and... a cry is the only response." He was found guilty and supposed to begin his jail term in April of 1970, but instead went underground. He was captured that August, and sentenced to serve prison time.
William Sloane Coffin: Coffin was one of the most prominent members of the Presbyterian Church, and head chaplain at Yale University. He was one of the most active of the established church leaders against the war, encouraging many to do acts of civil disobedience. He, along with four others, including Dr. Benjamin Spock (the pediatrician), collected 992 draft cards in Boston, and took them to Washington, D.C. to burn. He organized other religious leaders into "Clergy Concered About Vietnam Committees", and by 1966 was already reporting that they had 150 committees in 43 states.Many of these committees were important in organizing demonstrations across the nation, because they showed that not only "flower children" and militant anti-war protestors cared, but that the leaders of "normal" folks did too.
Jerry Rubin: Born in 1938, Jerry Rubin was a leader in the anti-war movement. He was one of the founders of the yippies, along with Abbie Hoffman. He was also one of the leaders in the 1967 march in Washington, D.C. by the Pentagon. During the 1968 election campaign, he staged acts of street theater including putting forth the yippie party candidate, a pig name Pigasus. His most famous outcries against the war were during the "Chicago Seven" trial. Along with the other defendants, he was cited for contempt nearly 200 times. During the '70's, Rubin changed from being more yippie to more yuppie, organizing networking seminars for young Wall Street professionals. He and yippie co-founder Abbie Hoffman debated "Yippie Versus Yuppie" several times for paying audiences. Later, he moved to Los Angeles to market a nutritional drink containing bee pollen. In 1994, Rubin died of a heart attack after being hit by a car while jaywalking.
Tom Hayden: Tom Hayden was one of the founders of Students for a Democratic Society, an American student organization active against the Vietnam War. He wrote the operating principles for the Society, known as the "Port Huron Statement" in 1962. The organization grew slowly until it became active in the anti-war movement. SDS organized a national march in Washington, D.C. in 1965, and from then on, became increasingly militant. The SDS members protested by occupying university and college campus administration buildings across the country. By 1969, the SDS had split into several factions, the most famous of which was the Weathermen who were pretty much terrorists. Tom Hayden went more "mainstream" in order to promote change, becoming a democratic party politician in California. He may well be best known for having been married to Jane Fonda, an actress and anti-war protester.
Eugene McCarthy: Eugene McCarthy was born in 1916, and became one of the most active mainstream politicians in opposing the Vietnam War. A Representative and then Senator, he voted for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964, but by 1967 he was strongly against the war. At first he was not taken seriously, but he soon attracted the support of many democrats who were uncomfortable with the war. It was his winning the New Hampshire primary that convinced Johnson, the current president, not to run for another term. When the more conservative democrats started pushing for Humphrey, protesters started popping up, and this led to the riots during the Chicago convention.