Mesopotamia

Ancient History Sourcebook: The Story of King Vahahran & his Queen, c. 300 CE
From: Edward B. Pollard, Oriental Women (Philadelphia: Rittenhouse Press, 1908), pp. 193-194 Scanned by: J. S. Arkenberg, Dept. of History, Cal. State Fullerton. Prof. Arkenberg has modernized the text. Courtesy of the Ancient History Sourcebook.

Parthia.com
"The Parthian Empire is a fascinating period of Persian history closely connected to Greece and Rome. Ruling from 247 B.C. to A.D. 228 in ancient Persia (Iran), the Parthians defeated Alexander the Great's successors, the Seleucids, conquered most of the Middle East and southwest Asia, and built Parthia into an Eastern superpower. The Parthian empire revived the greatness of the Achaemenid empire and counterbalanced Rome's hegemony in the West. Parthia at one time occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq,Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaidzhan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel."

The Parthians
Excerpted from the Splendor of Persia by Robert Payne.

The Parthian period (ca.129 BC-224 AD)
Excerpted from Iraq4ever.

Parthia (1)
Article by Jona Lendering ©.

Parthia (2)
Article by Jona Lendering © on the Parthian Empire.

Parthian kings
Article by Jona Lendering ©.

A Roman description of the Parthians or later Persians from Justin's History of the World
"In the wake of Alexander of Macedonia's conquest of Persia in the late 4th century B. C., the Achaemenid dynasty ended. However within a hundred years a new group, the Parthians, were able to re-establish an Iranian empire which rivaled Rome in the Near East. Below is a Roman description of the Parthians, which indicates that the Parthians, like the Shang and Chou in China, were a nomadic people who established an imperial dynasty." Courtesy of Nicholas C. J. Pappas.

Parthian Army
Military forces of the Parthian Empire. Courtesy of Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London.

History of Iran: Parthian Army
By: Professor A. Sh. Shahbazi. Courtesy of the Iran Chamber society.

Who was who in the Roman Empire: Parthia

Parthian Geography
Maps of the Parthian Empire.

Parthian Empire
Coinage of the Parthian Empire. Courtesy of the coins and history of asia.

Sassanid
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000.

The Sassanids, A.D. 224-642
The Sassanids established an empire roughly within the frontiers achieved by the Achaemenids, with the capital at Ctesiphon. The Sassanids consciously sought to resuscitate Iranian traditions and to obliterate Greek cultural influence. Their rule was characterized by considerable centralization, ambitious urban planning, agricultural development, and technological improvements. Courtesy of History at a Glance.

The SaSanian
Excerpted from the Splendor of Persia by Robert Payne.

The Sasanian period (224-637 AD)
Excerpted from Iraq4ever.

Sasanians
Article by Jona Lendering ©.

Sasanian Kings
Article by Jona Lendering ©.

Res Gestae Divi Saporis and Dura
By Michael I. Rostovtzeff, Berytus Archaeological Studies Volume 8, Fac. II 1943, American University of Beirut.

Ancient History Sourcebook:The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir
From: Charles F. Horne, ed.,The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, (New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917), Vol. VII: Ancient Persia, pp. 225-253. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

An Overview of the Sassanian Persian Military by Chris Cornuelle ©1996
This paper originally appeared in a 1996 issue of Spearpoint, and will appear in a 1997 issue of Slingshot. "In this article I will take a fresh look at topics of interest to wargamers, namely command and control, the famous cavalry, the hiddeninfantry, and various allies and vassals."

The Sassanid Persians
A brief over view of the military organization of the Sassanid Persians. Courtesy of RedRampant.com.

Sassanian Army
Military forces of the Sassanian Empire. Courtesy of Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London.

Sassanian Clibarnarius
Angus McBride's brillant reconstruction courtesy of Iran Photo Album.

Map of Sasanian mints
Courtesy of the coins and history of asia.

Sasanian Empire
Coinage of the Sassanian Empire. Courtesy of the coins and history of asia.

Sasanian Seals
Seals of the Sassanian Empire. Courtesy of the coins and history of asia.

Ancient Coins of Mesopatamia
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics


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