Judaea (Palaestina)

Judea-Palestina
A brief history of the province.

Judea
Articles on first century Judea excerpted from Livius: Articles on ancient history. (Almost) all articles by Jona Lendering Š 1996-2004.

Who was who in the Roman Empire: Judea

Scrolls from the Dead Sea : The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Scholarship

Egeria & The Liturgy of Jerusalem

Hecht Museum Welcome Page

The History of Plumbing -Jerusalem

The Jerusalem Mosaic: Second Temple Period (536 BCE--70 AD)

The Jerusalem Mosaic: The Roman-Byzantine Period (135-638 CE)

Jewish Groups at the Time of Jesus
by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University.

Rulers in Israel during the Roman Era
by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University.

Caesarea- from Roman City to Crusader Fortress Era
Courtesy of the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)2001 The State of Israel

Another Latin Honorific Column from Caesarea Martima

Warehouses and Granaries in Caesarea Maritima
"Caesarea was a maritime city with an elaborate harbor. Later it also became the provincial capital of Judaea / Palaestina. Storage facilities occupied no doubt large areas of the city. The recent excavations enable us to distinguish several different types of storage facilities, to locate many of them on the actual city plan, and to evaluate their significance in the economy and administration of Caesarea." Courtesy of Joseph Patrich, University of Haifa.

The Temple Platform at Caesarea Maritima: Destruction of Herod's Temple and Intermediate Occupation
"Construction of the Temple to Roma and Augustus on the highest point of the city facing the harbor was meant to symbolize the connection between Herod and his patron, Augustus." Courtesy of By Jennifer A. Stabler, University of Maryland.

Sebastos - Virtual Caesarea Maritima
Clickable image map of the site of Caesarea Maritima. Includes articles about the construction of the site.

Inscriptions from the land of Israel by Michael L. Satlow University.
"This project seeks to collect and make available all the inscriptions from the Land of Israel that date from the Hellenistic period(c. 330 BCE) through the Persian conquest(614 C.E.)."

Second Temple Synagogues by Donald D. Binder
"This site is devoted to the study of Second Temple Synagogues--that is, synagogues which existed prior to the Temple's destruction in 70 CE."

Ancient History Sourcebook: Roman Sources on the Jews and Judaism, 1 BCE-110 CE
"Texts from Josephus, Augustus, Claudius, Strabo and Tacitus." Courtesy of the Ancient History Sourcebook.

Josephus Jewish Antiquities
By Josephus. Available in both Greek and English versions. Courtesy of the Internet Classics Archive via the Perseus Project at Tufts University.

Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews
"This work was translated by William Whiston and edited by the folks at Sage Software, who offer these works, as well as hundreds of ancient and modern authors, on CD from www.sagelibrary.com. (I am not associated with Sage Software, but left the plug for their CD in place because it is from their production of the text that my work here is based.) HTML conversion was performed from RTF and Microsoft Word sources locally."

Josephus The Jewish War
Available in both Greek and English versions. Courtesy of the Internet Classics Archive via the Perseus Project at Tufts University.

Flavius Josephus Wars of the Jews
"This work was translated by William Whiston and edited by the folks at Sage Software, who offer these works, as well as hundreds of ancient and modern authors, on CD from www.sagelibrary.com. (I am not associated with Sage Software, but left the plug for their CD in place because it is from their production of the text that my work here is based.) HTML conversion was performed from RTF and Microsoft Word sources locally."

The Credibility of Josephus
From "Masada: Literary Traditions, Archaeological Remains, and the Credibility of Josephus"By Shaye Cohen Journal of Jewish Studies: Essays in honour of Yigal Yadin VOL. XXXIII pp. 385-404 Spring-Autumn 1982

The Credibility of Josephus by Magen Broshi The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
This article first appeared in Journal of Jewish Studies: Essays in Honor of Yigael Yadin in 1982 by the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies. Courtesy of CenturyOne Bookstore Educational Reference Series.

josephus.yorku.ca. Scholarly Resources for the Study of Flavius Josephus.
Welcome to josephus.yorku.ca, a site dedicated to the scholarly study of the works of Flavius Josephus.

Josephus Jewish Antiquities
Available in both Greek and English versions. Courtesy of the Internet Classics Archive via the Perseus Project at Tufts University.

Josephus Life of Josephus
Available in both Greek and English versions. Courtesy of the Internet Classics Archive via the Perseus Project at Tufts University.

Masada: Desert Fortress Overlooking the Dead Sea
Courtesy of the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)1999 The State of Israel.

Gamala: Jewish City on the Golan
Courtesy of the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)1999 The State of Israel.

Tel Dor Web Site
"Welcolme to Eric Kondratieff's web page(s) devoted to Tel Dor, an important archaeological site on Israel's Mediterranean coastline."

The USF Excavations at Sepphoris
"At the crossroads of two major ancient roads, the north/south Via Maris and the east/west Acre-Tiberias road, was the once great city of Sepphoris." Š2001 CenturyOne Foundation, Inc.

The University of South Florida: Excavations at Sepphoris with Colby College, Centre Coolege and Illinois Wesleyan University
James F. Strange, The University of South Florida. Hypertext version prepared by Thomas R. W. Longstaff [Š 1994]

The Glass from Sepphoris(1983-1991): A Preliminary Report by Joan Keller
The University of South Florida's Excavations at Sepphoris, Israel Hypertext version by Thomas R. W. Longstaff Š 1994.

Zippori
"The city of Zippori (Sepphoris), described by the first century CE Jewish historian, Josephus Flavius, as "the ornament of all Galilee," is located on a hill in the Lower Galilee, midway between the Mediterranean and Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), with abundant spring water and a fertile valley around it." Courtesy of the Jewish Virtual Library.

Zippori-Sepphoris
"Zippori, also known as Sepphoris in Greek, lies in the heart of the Lower Galilee midway between the Mediterranean and the Sea of Galilee. For long periods during antiquity, Zippori was the capital of the Galilee with a vibrant religious, commercial, and social community. Today, Zippori is an antiquities park extending over 16 square km that was opened to the public in 1992, run by the Israel National Park Authoroty." Hebrew University Excavation.

Hippos Excavation Project
The research of Hippos (Sussita) is intended to be a cooperative Israel Đ Polish project. Prof. Dr. Arthur Segal from the Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, heads the project in cooperation with Dr. JolantaMlynarczyk, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw and Dr. Mariusz Burdajewicz, National Museum, Warsaw.

Banyas: Cult Center of the God Pan
"The remains of the city of Banyas (Arabic pronunciation of Panias) are located in northern Israel, at the foot of Mt. Hermon. Here, below a steep cliff, the cold waters of the Banyas spring, one of the sources of the Jordan River, gush forth. Courtesy of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)1999 The State of Israel. All rights reserved.

Jerusalem: The Northern Gate of Aelia Capitolina
"The gate in the northern wall of the Old City of Jerusalem, designed to serve those entering the city from the north, was constructed in 1538 during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Known today as the Damascus Gate, it is the largest and most elaborate of all the Old City gates." Copyright Š 1998 The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise.

Jerusalem the Herodian Street Along the Western Wall
Courtesy of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)1999 The State of Israel. All rights reserved.

Avdat: A Nabatean City in the Negev
"Avdat is located on a mountain ridge in the center of the Negev highlands. At this point, where the routes from Petra(in present-day Jordan) and Eilat converge and continue tothe Mediterranean coast, the Nabateans established a road station for their caravans. Courtesy of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Copyright (c)1999 The State of Israel. All rights reserved.

Dinur Center for the Study of Jewish History
Links to Archaeological Sites in Israel. Courtesy of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

First century Judaism
"On this site, I will present several articles on Judaism before the destruction of the Temple." Articles by Jona Lendering on Apollonius of Tyana, Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Christianity, Gospels, Pharisees, Essenes, Sadducees, Zealots, Herod, Jesus, Judaea, Flavius Josephus, Paul of Tarsus, Philo of Alexandria, Pontius Pilate, and the Wars between Jews and Romans.

Qumran Visualization Project
Virtual model of Qumran designed to model the consensus of the archaeological findings, beginning with deVaux's original excavations, as preserved and published by Humbert and Chambon, and then incorporate subsequent excavations and surveys as appropriate. Also developed to allow archaeologists to test new theories, ideas, and reconstructions regarding the site. Courtesy of the UCLA Qumran Visualization Project.

Jewish History Sourcebook: Julian and the Jews 361-363 CE
From Jacob Marcus,The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-1791, (New York: JPS, 1938), 8-12

Palestine
By Clayton Miles Lehmann, University of South Dakota.

The Maccabean Army as portrayed in the War-Rule of The Army of the Sons of Light
By Luke Ueda-Sarson. "The Jewish uprising against the Seleucid kingdom of Antiochos Epiphanes, and the subsequent establishment of a Judaean state, came at a time of military change in the Hellenistic world. Roman power had become visibly triumphant, and emulation led Antiochos to rearm some of his troops in the Roman manner. While I am unconvinced by Nik Sekunda's arguments that this process extended to the whole army, nether-the-less, Roman influence was certainly in the ascendent.1 Given this, it is tempting to ask if the army of the newly established Judaean state also showed such Roman influences."

The Persecution of the Jews in the Roman Empire (300-428)
By James Everett Seaver, University of Kansas Press, Humanistic Studies. No. 30, Persecution of the Jews in the Roman Empire (300-438). Copright 1952, By the University of Kansas Press.

Ancient Coins of Syria
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics

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