Italia

Italia
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.

Who was who in Roman Times: Italy

Learning to read Rome's ruins, A history of the exploration of Rome, UNC Exposition

Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome
An excellent data base of images of Greek and Roman sites in Italy (including a section specifically devoted to Rome), Sicily and France. Photographs by Leo C. Curran.

Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures
by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994-2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Pictures of History - Ancient Rome
Courtesy of John Hauser

Virtual Roma
"the first website dedicated to the city's á LESS FAMOUS ásites, monuments, legends and cultural aspects."

Vedute Di Roma
"On these pages I will present images of Rome, chosen purely subjectively. I have been only three times to Rome and only buildings and views that I have personally seen and felt as interesting will be included. Images include newer photographs and 18th and 19th century drawings and engravings. I have scanned color photographs from color slides and edited them with Corel PhotoPaint. A full-screen image is also available for most of the drawings and few photographs. Color photographs are my own if not otherwise mentioned. This english version doesn't have textual intoductions."

Roma Urbs
Clicable map of ancient Rome that links to photographs of Roman ruins. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Rome Map: Panoramic images of sights and attractions in Rome
"The Rome Map - over 100 panoramic 360Ą high quality images of attraction in Rome linked to an interactive map. Incudes St.Peter's Square, St.Peter's Basilica, Coliseum, Circus Maximus, Pantheon, Castel S.Angel, Roman Forum, Paltine Hill and much more. Many interior images of Roman churches and Piazzas also feature including Piazza Navona and Piazza de Republica, interiors of Gesu, S.Giovanni in Laterano and S.Maria della Vittoria." All images and site content Š 2005-2006 Panoramic Earth, all rights reserved.

The Plan of Rome
"The plaster model represents the state of knowledge concerning ancient Rome at one particular moment;. The utilisation of computer resources allows the creation of a virtual model that evolves and takes ontinuing account of advances in archaeological, historical and literary knowledge. Thus, beyond the faithful reproduction of the work of Paul Bigot, one will be able to re-create Rome at different chronological stages and capture the phases of construction, the evolution of the urban fabric, etc."

Modern Reconstructions of ancient Rome
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Rome Reborn 1.0
Computer generated reconstructions of ancient Rome. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at the University of Virginia.

Eamus VRoma!
"Click on the map (of Rome) to see the available sites and their resources in each region of VRoma.§"

Forum Romanum: Entrance to Regio VIII
"Click on the map (of the Forum Romanum) to see the available sites and their resources. eccerpted from VRoma!

Forum Romanum: A Project of VRoma
"The Forum Romanum is an on-line resource project funded by the VRoma NEH grant aimed at creating an on-line community that collects and makes available materials related to the Roman Forum. This web site contains a clickable map and text links that will carry visitors to information about major structures of the Roman Forum. Each page contains a description of the structure, its function and an image. Links to related stories, more images and maps, textbook connections, literary references, famous characters, and relevant web sites are included."

Capitolium.org.
"Capitolium.org, an official source of live information on the archaeological site of the Imperial Forums. Day by day, on-line visitors can follow the development of the work which is being carried out by top-level scholars of Roman antiquity".

The Roman Forum-Its History and Its Monuments by Christian Hülsen
Courtesy of LacusCurtius. Text, maps, and black-and-white images are in the public domain. Color photos are Š William P. Thayer.

Roman Forum
Meta-index of links to the structures of the Roman Forum

The Roman Forum
Reconstructions and map of the Roman Forum.

The Roman Forum of 179 AD
Detailed model of the Roman Forum. Courtesy of the Legio X Fretensis (Cohort IV)

Ancient Rome: Map of Rome and plans of ancient buildings.
Ancient Rome A variety of information about ancient Rome will be offered at this site.The page will change from time to time as new material is developed for display. Author: Gary Brueggeman

EOS:Electronic Open Stacks
Samual Ball Platner A Topograhpical Dictionary of Ancient Rome London :Oxford University Press,1929

LacusCurtius Educational Resource: a Selection of Articles from Samuel Ball Platner's 1929 A Topograhpical Dictionary of Ancient Rome London
copyright Š William P. Thayer

Forum Romanum
Clicable map of the Forum Romanum that links to computer generated reconstructions. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Roman Forum & The Arch of Titus
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

UCLA Cultural VR Lab
VR reconstructions of various Roman monuments including the colosseum, Forum Romanum, Temple of Saturn etc.

The Reconstruction of the Campus Martius in the Age of Augustus
VR reconstructions of various Roman monuments in the Campus Martius.

Largo Argentina. Republican Temples
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Theater of Pompey
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Theatrum Pompei Project
"The Theatrum Pompei Project is a collection of resources that pertain to the monuments of Cn. Pompeius Magnus as well as his life and times and particularly the fifties BC, a decade framed by the first year of Caesar's fateful proconsulship and the year before civil war broke out following Caesar's invasion of Italy. This site is owned and operated by Ulysses Vestal."

The Basilica Aemilia on the Forum Romanum at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica Julia on the Forum Romanum at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Curia Julia
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Theater of Marcellus
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Ara Pacis
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Imperial Fora
Clicable map of the Imperial Fora that links to maps, photographs and reconstructions. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Pantheon: The Triumph of Roman Concrete.
Articles and Research by David Moore, P. E.

Portico of Octavia
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Domus Aurea (Golden House of Nero)
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran. Photographs by Margaret M. Curran.

The Roman Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

The Arch of Titus and reliefs, Via Sacra
Copyright Š Mary Ann Sullivan.

Arch of Titus
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Arcus Titi
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): AĘTopographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright Š William P. Thayer.

Trajan's Column, the Imperial Fora and Four Relief Maps of Roman Expansion
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Progetto Fori Imperiali.
Update on the excavations of the Forum of Trajan, the forum of Caesar and the Temple of Peace in Italian.

Forum of Trajan.
"A virtual reality model created in 1996-1997 by the Urban Simulation Team of the Forum of Trajan, the largest of the Imperial Fora in the Forum Romanum, was commissioned for 'Beyond Beauty: Antiquities as Evidence', one of the major opening exhibitions at the Getty Center in Los Angeles".

The Forum of Trajan.
Overview of the Forum and associated markets as well as the archaeological excavation 1998-2000.

Trajan's Column:A Record of the Dacian Campaign and a Monument to Logistics.
Thirty-eight very good photos courtesy of LacusCurtius

The McMaster Trajan Project, 1999.
"This is a site for exploring the Column of Trajan as a sculptural monument. The core of the site is a searchable database of over 500 images focusing on various aspects of the design and execution of the column's sculptural decoration. These images (slides and drawings) were generated by and for sculptor Peter Rockwell, over the course of his study of Roman stone-carving practices. The aim of this site is to make these images available to the widest possible public, in a form that can contribute both to ongoing study by specialists and to enjoyment and appreciation of the monument by the general public."

A Description of the Trajan Column by John Hungerford Pollen and Forum of Trajan: printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, printers to Queen Victoria. London, 1874
Text and engravings are in the public domain. Any color photographs are Š William P. Thayer 1997. Courtesy of LacusCurtius.

Column and Forum of Trajan
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Reference Sites for the Forum of Trajan
This page was compiled by Rob Carlson of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County for an Archaeology 201H Honors Section Project.

The Basilica Ulpia on the Forum Trajani at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Trajan's Market
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Trajan's Market
Excerpted from an Illustrated History of the Roman empire.

Janiculum Mills Excavations:Roman water-mills on the Janiculum Hill, Rome.
"At the invitation of the American Academy in Rome, and with the kind permission of the Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, a 5-week excavation season was undertaken in June and July 1998 to investigate the Aqua Traiana and a large Roman water-mill complex in the Academy's parking lot, on the Janiculum Hill in Rom." Courtesy of Dr Andrew Wilson

Hadrianeum
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Temple of Venus and Rome
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Tomb of Hadrian (Castel S. Angelo)
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Base of the column of Antoninus Pius, Vatican Museum
Copyright Š Mary Ann Sullivan.

Column of Marcus Aurelius
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Insula (2c AD) at base of Capitoline
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Arch of Septimius Severus.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Arch of the Argentarii.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Baths of Caracalla.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Curia.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Arch of Janus.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Basilica of Constantine
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Isometric drawing of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome.
Courtesy of Timothy Moore, University of Texas

Reconstruction of the interior of the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine.
Courtesy of Timothy Moore, University of Texas

Arch of Constantine.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

The Arch of Constantine
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Temple of Fortuna Virilis (or Portunus).
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Historia de los Obeliscos Egypicos
A guide to 13 Egyptian obelisks in Rome with photographs and text. By Carlos Lunghi Jr. In Italian

The Palatine Hill & Other Sites around Rome
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Statues and Temples of Asclepius, the Ancient Roman Healing God
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

The Digital Forma Urbis Romae Project
Recent improvements in laser rangefinder technology, together with algorithms developed at Stanford for combining multiple range and color images, allow us to accurately digitize the shape and color of physical objects. As an application of this technology, a team of 30 faculty, staff, and students from Stanford University and the University of Washington spent the 1998-99 academic year in Italy scanning the sculptures and architecture of Michelangelo. During our year abroad, we also became involved in several other 3D scanning projects. One of these was the digitization of the Forma Urbis Romae, a giant map of ancient Rome carved onto marble slabs circa 200 A.D.

A Case Study in Late Antiquity by a Master Topographer of Early Christian Rome
A Web-enhanced edition of Pagan and Christian Rome by Rodolfo Lanciani Boston and New York, 1892. Text, maps and black & white illustrations are in the public domain. Any color photos are Š William P. Thayer. Courtesy of LacusCurtius.

Column of Phocas.
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Aquae Urbis Romae: The Waters of the City of Rome
"An interactive cartographic history of the relationship between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from 753 BC to the present day. Aquae Urbis Romae examines the intersection between natural hydraulic elements such as springs, rain, streams, marshes, and the Tiber Riber, and tectonic hydraulic elements such as aqueducts, fountain,sewers, bridges, conduits, etc." Published by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Copyright 1998-2001.

Vitual reconstruction of the Temple of Fortuna Primigenia
"Dea Fortuna Primigenia, ancient Roman magna mater Goddess who determined the lifes path for children when they were born, was a major deity in Roman times, deserving the largest temple complex in the Roman world. Built by Sulla it served also as a Forum for the local town of Palestrina. The lower three terraces still stand."

The collections of the Musei Vaticani (galleries of images)

The Tiber Valley Project
"The aim of the Tiber Valley project, which was launched at the BSR in spring 1997, is to reconstruct the landscape of the river valley through two millennia. It is investigating the impact of the growth, success and decline of Rome on its hinterland and the changing effects of the city and river on settlement and economy and cultural identity from 1000 BC to AD 1300. The long tradition of landscape archaeology by British scholars has resulted in the accumulation of a vast amount of information for our understanding of settlement and economy in the river valley. New fieldwork projects have now been developed by a series of teams and individual scholars to form part of the overall Tiber Valley project."

Roman Towns in the Tiber Valley
"This project is analysing the full range of urban settlements in the middle and lower Tiber valley of central Italy, ranging from the larger privileged centres down to the smaller agglomerations and roadside sites. This area has long been of interest to British archaeologists, not least during the 1950s and 1960s when John Ward Perkins, the then Director of the British School at Rome undertook his South Etruria Survey. The rationale of our project stems from our growing recognition of the need for systematically collected data for the study of Roman urbanism. It also forms part of the broader Tiber Valley Project of the British School at Rome, under the direction of Dr. Helen Patterson" By Simon Keay and Martin Millett

Forum Novum - Vescovio: A Town, A Church And Its Territory
"This web page provides presents the preliminary results of a major new research project aimed at examining the Roman town of Forum Novum and its territory. Forming part of the larger Tiber Valley Project, this work draws on the important studies carried out by the Soprintendenza Archeologica del Lazio, and uses a range of archaeological techniques techniques to examine some key questions relating to the nature of the important centre at Forum Novum a Roman municipium and later as a sede vescovile. It will also explore important issues regarding the relationship between the town and rural settlement in its surrounding territory."

The Archaeological Museum of Bologna

U. Bristol, Visualisation of Landscapes Project, Gubbio Basin, central Italy
The Visualisation of Landscapes project is a University of Bristol funded teaching initiative within the Archaeology Department, in conjunction with the Departments of Computer Science and Geography. The project is an inter-disciplinary exercise into the interpretation of archaeological data with the aid of computer technology, in order to visualise landscapes. The eventual results will be packaged so that they can be used primarily in first and second year undergraduate teaching and in the Landscape Archaeology MA.

Pompeii Forum Project, University of Virginia
The Pompeii Forum Project is a collaborative venture that focuses on the urban center of Pompeii.The forum at any Roman town was the urban center housing the town's main religious, civic, and commercial institutions.) There are three components to the project: documentation of standing remains;archaeological analysis; and urban study that seeks a) to interpret the developments at Pompeii in the broader context of urban history and b) to identify at Pompeii recurring patterns of urban evolution that can be applied to contemporary issues in American urbanism.

Pompeii
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Patterns of Reconstruction at Pompeii
"This document presents the results of an investigation into the reconstruction of a large market building on the Pompeii Forum following and earthquake in 62 AD, seventeen years prior to the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius that buried the city. The work is part of the Pompeii Forum Project, a multi-disciplinary study of the development of the Forum as the civic center of Pompeii. The study is approached from the perspective of a structural engineer, applying engineering principles to interpret the currently visible areas of damage and repair, plus information available from historic records. The study employs a variety of computer-based technologies in the inquiry, in particular digital photogrammetry to document the geometry and construction of key areas of the building, plus three dimensional modelling to depict the state of the building in various states of damage and repair."

The Ionic Propylaeum in Pompeii: Some Preliminary Observations
By Carroll William Westfall. Using the Iconic Propylaeum as a focus of her presentation, the author explores the relationship between the individual building and the larger urban ensemble of which it is part.

Learning from Pompeii: The Final Report on Urbanism Pompeii Forum Project
"Pompeii, the beguiling and enigmatic survivor from the past, puts into full relief the fundamental maxim of good city building, a maxim as valid then as now: buildings must be built first of all as contributions to an urban ensemble, and the urban ensemble must serve the civic life first of all. The experience of working in Pompeii as an urban historian with archaeologists for three summers was intended to uncover some simple lessons that could be applied by people building and rebuilding in American cities today" By Carroll William Westfall.

Anglo-American Research at Pompeii
"The principal research objectives of the Anglo-American Research Project in Pompeii are to examine the early occupation of Pompeii and how the use of urban space developed over the succeeding centuries. Our specific aim is to recover the full structural history of occupation in Insula 1 of Regio VI."

Notes on Ancient Reconstruction of the Pompeii Forum: Preliminary Findings of Geologic and Structural Review
This document is a comilation of notes and images arising from discussions among John Dobbins, Kirk Martini, Tanya Furman and Tom Baber concerning the Pompeii Forum and possible hypotheses concerning pre-eruption and post-excavation reconstruction of key structures on the Forum.

Pictures of History - Pompeii
Courtesy of John Hauser.

Ancient Pompeii: House of the Surgeon
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Interactive Dig Pompeii: The House of the Surgeon
InteractiveDig is produced by Archaeology Magazine Š 2003 Archaeological Institute of America

Pompei Virtual Tour: A Christian Perspective
"It is my opinion that Pompeii is the most important archeological site anywhere. Almost every other ancient urban site is simply the remains of a ghost town, long ago deserted by its citizens who carried away with them everything of value. Prior to the eruption of Vesuvius, Pompeii was a thriving city. Then it was buried with so little warning in 79 A.D. that Pompeii was literally frozen in time." Copyright Š 2001 Michael S. Cole, M.D.

The BSR Pompeii Project
"Pompeii is simultaneously the best known and least adequately studied archaeological site in the Greco-Roman world. The BSR project aims to take a small slice of the city, a single block of houses or insula, excavated first half a century ago, yet never published, and to see what can be said about it now to cast light on the city, its history and its life. Its three main components are archival research into the original excavation of 1952-3, the artefacts then excavated, recording and analysis of the standing remains, and the excavation of levels below that sealed by the eruption of AD 79."

Conjectural Map of Pompeii
Excerpted from Bellum Catiline.

An Interim Report on bones from the Impianta Elettrica excavations 1980/81
By Prof. Tony King, Dept. Archaeology, King Alfred's College.

Pompeii Archaeological Research Project: Porta Stabia
"The 'Pompeii Archaeological Research Project: Porta Stabia' (PARP:PS) aims to uncover the structural and occupational history of the SE corner of Insula VIII.7, from its earliest origins through to CE 79. Through a series of selective excavations, structural analyses, and geophysical surveys, PARP:PS will produce a complete archaeological analysis and assessment of the shops, workshops, inns, and houses at VIII.7.1-15."

The Basilica at Pompeii
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Curia of Pompeii
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Herculaneum: The Herculaneum Conservation Project
"The cities and villas buried by Vesuvius in AD 79 represent an archaeological heritage of unique importance. At the same time, they are subject in particularly acute form to the problems of conservation that afflict all such sites. The very features that make the little town of Herculaneum such a vivid evocation of the past - the survival of houses to several stories, and the astonishing preservation of organic matter like wood, cloth and papyrus - also render the site exceptionally difficult to preserve for future generations."

The History of Plumbing Pompeii & Herculaneum. Courtesy of Plumbing and Mechanical, July 1989

Herculaneum (at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius)
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Herculaneum
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Restoring Ancient Stabiae: RAS Foundation
"Restoring Ancient Stabiae is a nonprofit foundation (fondazione onlus) constituted in 2001 for the stated purpose of "the creation and management of the Archaeological Park of ancient Stabiae in the archaeological zone of Varano," located in the modern cities of Castellammare di Stabia and Gragnano. Its charge also extends to "the care, promotion, and enhancement of the appreciation" of this archaeological area."

Fiesole
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Capua
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Pozzuoli
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Minturnae
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Beneventum
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Museo Gregoriano Etrusco I
The Etruscan Museum was founded in 1837, during the pontificate of Gregorio XVI. It comprises nine rooms (sale) and presents artifacts excavated from Etruria (1828-1837) and Lazio: Sala I - Four sarcophagi, funeral stones and architectonic fragments, Sala II - Artifacts from the famous Regolini-Gallasso tomb in the Cerveteri necropolis, Sala III - Collections of bronze and gold artifacts, candelabria, rings; it includes the Mars of Todi statue, Sala IV - Terracotta artifacts and funeral urns, Sala Guglielmi - Artifacts excavated from the Vulci necropolis, Sale V-VIII - Collections of Greek, Etruscan and Italic pottery found in the Etruscan tombs, Sala dei Relievi Assiri - Reliefs and inscriptions with cuneiform characters refering to Assyrian kings from the 9th to 3rd centuries B.C.

Museo Gregoriano Etrusco II
The Etruscan Museum was founded in 1837, during the pontificate of Gregorio XVI. It comprises nine rooms (sale) and presents artifacts excavated from Etruria (1828-1837) and Lazio: Sala I - Four sarcophagi, funeral stones and architectonic fragments, Sala II - Artifacts from the famous Regolini-Gallasso tomb in the Cerveteri necropolis, Sala III - Collections of bronze and gold artifacts, candelabria, rings; it includes the Mars of Todi statue, Sala IV - Terracotta artifacts and funeral urns, Sala Guglielmi - Artifacts excavated from the Vulci necropolis, Sale V-VIII - Collections of Greek, Etruscan and Italic pottery found in the Etruscan tombs, Sala dei Relievi Assiri - Reliefs and inscriptions with cuneiform characters refering to Assyrian kings from the 9th to 3rd centuries B.C.

The Tuscan Archaeological Service
Providing information on exhibitions, excavations, restorations, education, museums and library resources in Tuscany.

Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines
L'origine des collections de ce département remonte à celles de François Ier et d'Henri IV auxquelles se sont ajoutées au XVIIe siécle celles de Richelieu et de Mazarin ; des collections particulières, les biens des émigrés réquisitionnés sous la Révolution, constituent un musée des antiques ébauché en 1795 et ouvert en 1800 après que furent arrivées au Louvre les oeuvres prises par Bonaparte lors de ses campagnes en Italie.

The Etruscan Liber Linteus
"...a manuscript, found in Egypt on the bands of a mummy, and presently conserved in the National Museum of Zagreb (Croatia). It is also the only example of a book written on linen cloth (hence the Latin name Liber Linteus). Moreover, it is the only Etruscan book handed down to posterity."

The Mysterious Etruscans.
"(Nearly the whole of Italy was once under Etruscan Rule - Cato 2nd Century BCE)".

A Greek historian's account of the behaviour of Etruscan women. Chios, 4th cent. B.C.
(Theopompus, Histories 115 FGrHist F204 =Athenaeus 517d-518a. G) Courtesy of Women's Life in Greece & Rome by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant.

Etruscan pottery from the Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus survey by Phil Perkins.
"This study presents some of the results of 18 years of research in the Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus area, Tuscany, Italy. Thousands of artefacts have been collected and hundreds of sites recorded during this period by systematic field survey. The Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus Survey was directed by Professor Andrea Carandini, now of the University of Rome, La Sapienza, and Professor Elisabeth Fentress, now of the American Academy at Rome. The project is a collaboration between scholars of many institutions in Italy, France and Britain and the first volume of the final report detailing and interpreting the sites located is now in press (Cambi et al, forthcoming)."

The Samnites
"Italy was born with them. They were the first ones to want equality and brothehood among the ancient Italics. They were a nation of tough, proud and strong people and in opposition to the Romans. ut they were alone..." A history of the Samnite people.

The Roman Baths of Valesio: A Local Design in Late Antiquity. A different view
In this article, M. C. Kosian discusses Roman design, using these baths as an example. In the author's opinion several orthogonal reconstructed design-schemes from the Roman period need to be reconsidered. She argues rectangular designs are far too complex for local workers, and not necessary for Roman demands.

Ostia Antica
A guide to the archaeological ruins.

Ostia
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

Ostia - Harbour of Ancient Rome.
"This is the main entry point for information about Ostia, the harbour of ancient Rome. Here you will find information, or links to information, for professional archaeologists and historians, for students of Roman archaeology and history, for interested laymen, and for tourists. The site is maintained by the Internet Group Ostia (IGO). This is a first, rough prototype."

Ostia - The Synagogue.
Excerpted from Second Temple Synagogues by Donald D. Binder.

Ostia Antiqua, the Port of Rome
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University. Copyright Š 1994--2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Pictures of History - Ostia
Courtesy of John Hauser

The Second Campaign of Excavations: Mezzomiglio Locality, Chianciano Terme,Italy.by Professor David Soren, University of Arizona, Photography by Noelle Soren.
With the help of the community of Chianciano Terme, a team from the University of Arizona has initiated excavation of an archaeological zone in the locality of central Chianciano known as Mezzomiglio. The zone was partially excavated in 1993 by Giulio Paolucci, the well known archaeologist and author of Etruscan studies from Chianciano Terme.

The University of Arizona Excavations at Lugnano in Treverina , Italy by Professor David Soren, University of Arizona, Photography by Noelle Soren, Color Drawings by William Aylward.
"Lugnano in Teverina, a hill town in southern Umbria built along the ancient Via Amerina north of Rome, has long been noted for its fine Church of Santa Maria Assunta, a gem of twelfth century Romanesque design, and its picturesque streets and byways. Since 1988 it has also become known for the ruins of a Roman villa of the first century B.C. found on the hill known as Poggio Gramignano southwest of the town. In antiquity this region was peppered with as many as fifty country villas of the Roman elite who enjoyed the climate and fertile fields of the area. Though none of these has been fully excavated and opened to the public, the ruins of many of these are known all over this region near the juncture of the Tiber River and the Rio Grande, as are the remains of other Roman structures such as river ports, bridges and walls."

The Late Roman Infant Cemetery near Lugnano in Teverina, Italy: some implications.
"From 1988 to 1992 excavations by the University of Arizona near the town of Lugnano in Teverina in the province of Terni yielded a Roman villa in the ruins of which was placed the largest infant cemetery yet found in Italy. The excavations revealed that the cemetery was installed at one time or over a very short period, perhaps due to an epidemic.Ę A case based on circumstantial evidence was made that the infants died from Plasmodium falciparum malaria, although this is conclusion is now supported by DNA testing by Robert Sallares at the University of Manchester." by David Soren, Todd Fenton, Walter Birkby.

The Basilica at Cosa
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Alba Fucens
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Ardea
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Ordona
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Roselle
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Oxford Classics Pictures Archive
A collection of Images from Rome, Turkey and Britain.

Italy in Virtual Reality
Here you can see Italy in virtual reality from your computer.

Mount of Amphorae: The Mount Testaccio in Rome
"Mount Testaccio is an artificial hill located within the Aurelian wall of Rome.It is at the south of the modern part of the city and behind the old river port. It has a perimeter of almost one kilometer and a maximum altitude over the sea-level of 45 meters. This hill is exclusively made of the remains of millions of amphorae that arrived in Rome during the first three centuries of our era".

Municipio Roma IX, Caffarella, Appia Antica e Tangenziale Est
A tour of the Appian Way in Italian.

Osshe Historical and Cultural Atlas Resource: Europe Image Library
A collection of images of Roman architecture, art, and inscriptions.

Sovraintendenza ai Beni Culturali del Comune di Roma: Ufficio Monumenti Antichi e Scavi Archeologici
A list of 34 monuments, accompanied by figures and statistical and/or historical notes. A number of the pages are still under construction [in Italian].

The Roman Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily
"The ownership of this large (460' x 330') country estate in central Sicily has been debated. Once thought to be a retirement home of the Emperor Maximian, it is now suggested that the owner had connections with Africa. A mosaic depicting a personification of Africa and the long hallway mosaic depicting the capture and transport of exotic animals give credence to this speculation. It is also thought that the mosaic artisans were from North Africa. This unwalled estate has a complicated asymmetrical plan with rooms in a variety of shapes and with various changes of axis." Copyright Mary ann Sullivan.

Roman Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily: A luxurious Roman villa from around 320 CE
"The Villa Romana del Casale is located about 5km outside the town of Piazza Armerina. It is the richest, largest and most complex collection of late Roman mosaics in the world. The Villa Romana del Casale is a UNESCO World Heritage Site."

Roman Painting: Frescoes From Campania
"Of the paintings which survive from the Roman classical world, many are frescoes from the area of Campania around Naples. Campania includes Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other towns whose buildings, paintings, and sculptures were preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in AD 79." All photos and text copyright Š 1999 Michael D. Gunther.

Documentazione archeologica e immagini
Il grande numero di pagine World Wide Web dedicate ai siti archeologici dell'Italia mi ha indotto ad organizzare la materia secondo un' articolazione ispirata alla sistemazione augustea della penisola. Certo si tratta di una scelta arbitraria, che tuttavia mi pare possa meglio di altre rispecchiare le realtà culturali dell'Italia antica.

Brick in Roman Antiquity
"The very serious deficiencies in the study of ancient art and technique, and still more the prejudices and false premises which have guided scholars up to the present, do not permit of obtaining clear and reliable information regarding brick manufacture in antiquity. The numerous, though unfortunately ill-preserved, remains of Etruscan, Latin, and Campanian constructions prove that brick and especially architectural terra cotta were in use before the IV century B. C.." Excerpts from: Brickwork in Italy by the American Face Brick Association (1925).

Bessa Park: 2nd century B.C. roman gold mine
"The Special Nature Reserve of Bessa is situated between 300 and 400 m, below the southern slopes of Mombarone (Biella Alps) in the province of Biella (Piedmont - Italy). It is 7.5 km2 wide and entirely occupied by signs of the roman mine dated 2nd century B.C. with traces of previous frequentation mostly represented by erratic engraved blocks."

Campanaio- an agricultural settlement in Roman Sicily
"The Campanaio project focuses on a Roman rural settlement in central southern Sicily, 25 km west of Agrigento and 1 km north-west of Montallegro."

Who was who in Roman Times: Sardinia, Sciliy

Malta Homepage
Š Copyright Dr. Anton Bugeja MD: October 1998 (1925).

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1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006. The Dalton School