Religious Resources


Mithraism
"The legacy of the Roman Empire's final pagan state religion." by David Fingrut, SEED Alternative School Toronto, 1993. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright © William P. Thayer.

The Mysteries of Mithras by David Ulansey
This article is a summary of David Ulansey's bookThe Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries: Cosmology and Salvation in the Ancient World (Oxford University Press, revised paperback, (1991).

The Ecole Intiative : Mithraism
"Mithraism is the ancient Roman mystery cult of the god Mithras. Roman worship of Mithras began sometime during the early Roman empire, perhaps during the late first century of the Common Era (hereafter CE), and flourished from the second through the fourth centuries CE."

Mithras
"This page is dedicated to the Sun God Mithras."

Welcome to the Museum of Antiquities' Virtual Mithraeum.
"Explore the ruins of the 3rd century temple to the Roman god Mithras at Carrawburgh on Hadrians Wall, and the reconstruction on display in the Museum of Antiquities at the University of Newcastle, through Virtual Reality. If any objectinterests as you look around just click on the relevant hotspots to learn more aboutthat object."

The Electronic Journal of Mithraic Studies
"The Electronic Journal of Mithraic Studies (EJMS) is a revival of the Journal of Mithraic Studies edited by Dr. Richard Gordon. It is a place where researchers on Roman Mithraism can publish the product of their research and make it freely available for other interested people. The journal concerns all aspects of the mysteries of Mithras, including history, archaeology, theology, sociology, others. Its span includes related religions and cults such as Persian Zoroastrianism and other cults in the Roman Empire. The EJMS is based at the University of Huelva, Spain, and is managed by an Editorial Board composed of scholars of Mithraism and Roman Religion with international projection. A more complete description isincluded in our formal baseline document."

Mythology in Western Art
The object of this project is to create a collection of art images of mythological characters. Images of the main deities from various periods of Western art have been scanned and organized according to their names. The images are stored in GIF format. This project was prepared in The University of Haifa Library by Ora Zehavi and Dr. Sonia Klinger as part of Dr. Klinger's survey course: Mythology in Western Art at the Department of Art History, The University of Haifa.

Lupercalia
Article by Leonhard Schmitz, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., Rector of the High School of Edinburgh on p718 of William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius.

Lupercalia: She-Wolf
Courtesy of the Pagan Library.

Junillus
An introductory Essay, Latin text of theInstituta ,and an English translation all prepared by John F. Collins.

Traditions of Magic in Ancient Antiquity
Curator: Gideon Bohak
"... the present exhibition will not attempt any definition of ancient magic. Its goal is much more modest -- merely to present some of the materials in the University of Michigan's collections which might prove useful in any discussion of magic and its practitioners in the Mediterranean basin and the Near East from the 1st to the 7th centuries A.D., a period which saw the magical traditions of several different cultures coalesce and merge into an unprecedented form of international, and even multicultural magical praxis, with its own rituals, symbols, and words of power."

Ars Haruspicina haec est Disciplina Etrusca; The Art of Haruspicy which is the Etruscan Discipline
""Haruspicy" is a method of divination that was practiced by the ancient Etruscans, who had an advanced civilization in Italy before the Roman Empirets." By by John Opsopau.

Secespita "The Sacrificial Knife": A Roman Book of Blood Sacrifice
A work containing:The Names of the Gods, a Fasti of all Holy Days, Auspicious and Unlucky Days and a Multitude of Important Facts.

Roman Gods & Goddesses: Gregory Flood's Roman Gods and Goddesses
"This table of gods and goddesses of the indigenous Latin religion is something that developed over the years as part of a fiction writing project I was involved with. It occurs to me now that it is far more complete than any other such listing I have ever encountered. So, I offer it to you, for whatever use you can put it to."

Mythography: Exploring Greek, Roman and Celtic Mythology and Art
"Mythography | explore mythology and art by looking at information about the classic stories of heroes and gods...from the myths of ancient Greece and Rome, to the legends of the Celts, Mythography presents resources and reference materials about mythology - including recommended books, and lexicons that explain greek, roman, and celtic terms and words. share your views about mythology on the message forum!"

Roman Mythology
Concise overview of the subject including list of Roman deities.

Ancient History Sourcebook: Accounts of Roman State Religion, c. 200 BCE- 250CE
Featuring the writings of Cato the Elder, Cicero, Livy and Plutarch. From: William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History, 2 Vols. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13), Vol. II, pp. 9-15; 289. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

Lucretius (98-c.55 BCE): The Worship of Cybele
From Lucretius: On the Nature of Things, translation by William Ellery Leonard.Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

Roman Religious Toleration: The Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus, 186 BCE
Livy, History of Rome, Book XXXIX.From: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources(Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1907), Vol. III: The Roman World, pp. 65-77. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

Ancient History Sourcebook: Roman Religiones Licitae and Illicitae, c. 204 BCE - 112 CE
Featuring the writings of Livy, Prudentius, Suetonius, Strabo and Pliny the Younger. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

Religion and the Roman Empire -- Judaism. By Steven Muhlberger.
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.

Religion and the Roman Empire -- Christianity . By Steven Muhlberger.
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.

The Jewish Roman World of Jesus
By Dr James Tabor, Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina.

Pliny, Letters 10.96-97
"Pliny the Younger was governor of Pontus/Bithynia from 111-113 AD. We have a whole set of exchanges of his letters with the emperor Trajan on a variety of administrative political matters. These two letters are the most famous, in which P. encounters Christianity for the first time."

Gender, status and identity in a North African martyrdom, 203 CE
By M. Eleanor Irwin, University of Toronto 1996.

Medieval Sourcebook: Diocletian: Edicts Against The Christians
"This text is part of the Internet Medieval Source Book. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history."

Early Christian Doctrine on Jesus Christ
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

The Early Church in Late Antiquity: A Select Introductory Bibliography
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia.Compiled by Bernadette McNary-Zak. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

The First Council of Nicaea
by H. Leclercq, Transcribed by Anthony A. Killeen.From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright © 1913 by the Encyclopedia Press, Inc. Electronic version copyright © 1996 by New Advent, Inc.

The First Council of Nicaea-325 AD
Translation taken from Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, ed. Norman P. Tanner.

Nicaea I, 325 CE: Arianism
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Constantinople I, 381 CE: Apollinarianism
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Ephesus, 431 CE: Nestorianism
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Chalcedon, 451 CE: Eutychianism(=Monophysitism)
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Constantinople II, 553 CE: Three Chapters Controversy
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright © 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.

Hypatia of Alexandria
A meta index of web based resources on Hypatia of Alexandria. Assembed and maintained by Howard A. Landman.

The Christian Catacombs of Rome
"The catacombs are the ancient underground cemeteries, used by the Christian and the Jewish communities, above all at Rome. The Christian catacombs, which are the most numerous, began in the second century and the excavating continued until the first half of the fifth." (1991).

The Catacombs of Rome: A unique voyage within a hidden world.
"The Catacombs of Rome is a film which contains a very unique collection of Paleochristian art, and includes frescoe paintings, sculptures, greek and latin inscriptions and ancient "graffitti". These precious images have all been filmed on location in Rome. " (1991).

International Catacomb Society
"Located in Boston, the International Catacomb Society promotes awareness of the need for preservation, restoration, and documentation of the catacombs in Rome (with a special focus on the Jewish catacombs) and other sites, which contain paintings,epigraphy, and artifacts depicting the cultures and customs of early religions under the Roman Empire. The society also strives to increase knowledge of the catacombs by circulating exhibits, sponsoring lectures, and disseminating information and publications. The society maintains an extensive photographic reference archive, which is available for consultation by scholars and students" (1991).

Early Christian Writings: All of Early Christianity, New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics and Early Church Fathers
"Early Christian Writings is the most complete collection of documents from the first two centuries with translations and commentary. Includes the New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, and Church Fathers. The "Early Christian Writings: New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, Church Fathers" site is copyright © 2001 Peter Kirby ."

Electronic New Testament Educational Resources
By Prof. Felix Just, S.J. - Loyola Marymount University

Western North African Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Western North Africa
Excerpted from African Christianity: A History of the Christrian Church in Africa.

Egyptian Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Egypt
Excerpted from African Christianity: A History of the Christrian Church in Africa.

Augustine of Hippo
Augustine may have been the first saint to find a home page on the Internet and he has dwelled here, in a comfortable corner of the afterlife, since early 1994. In that year, he was the subject of the first of a series of seminars conducted over the Internet. The materials here were first gathered for that purpose, but have grown since. Suggestions and additions are always welcome." Page maintained by J.J. O'Donnell.

Grave Art: Early Christian Tombs and Figures of Mourning in Augustine's Confessions
"A presentation to the Augustine Seminar at the University of Pennsylvania, James J. O'Donnell, Director, Jan. 31, 1994. Copyright, Eugene Vance (e-mail: vance@u.washington.edu). Not to be quoted without permission. Please note that this presentation was illustrated with slides. Edited for html by Lawrence Warner, University of Pennsylvania."

Augustine


Guide to Early Church Documents and Early Patristic Writings
"This hypertext document contains pointers to Internet-accessible files relating to the early church, including canonical documents, creeds, the writings of the Apostolic Fathers and other historical texts relavant to church history".

Tertullian
Biography of Tertullian courtesy of the Catholic Encyclopedia

The Tertullian Project
"A collection of material ancient and modern about the ancient Christian Latin writer Tertullian and his writings. ".

The Works of Tertullian
"Tertullian has left us 31 extant treatises, all in Latin. Approximate English translations of the titles are attached, but the usage varies so much that texts will be referred to using the Latin titles (although these also vary in the manuscripts - see the relevant section under each work). All must date between 190-220AD, but there is no agreement among scholars abouta definitive dating or sequence. ".

Tertullian Online Text for Tertullian
copyright © 2001 Peter Kirby.

The Ecole Initiative: Index Page
A Hypertext Encyclopedia of Early Church History on the World -Wide Web.

Military Martyrs
The primary purpose of this site is to enable people to begin to explore the cult of the military martyrs during the late antique and early medieval periods. By David Woods.

Medieval Sourcebook: Galerius and Constantine: Edicts of Toleration 311/313
Both texts translated in University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of History: Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European history, (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press [1897?-1907?]), Vol 4:, 1, pp. 28-30. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.

Medieval Sourcebook: Constantine I: Laws for Christians
from Eusebius, Church History, trans in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd Series, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), I, 380-384. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.

Medieval Sourcebook: Constantine I: On the Keeping of Easter
Selected from Henry R. Percival, ed.,The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, Vol XIV of Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, edd. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, (repr. Edinburgh: T&T Clark; Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1988) , pp. 54-56. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.

Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325
"38 volumes -- The most important writings from the first 800 years of the church." Courtesy of the Early Church Fathers.

Ancient History Sourcebook: The Ritual Cannabilism Charge Against Christians
Includes the works of Minucius Felix and Hippolytus. From Minucius Felix, Octavius, R. E. Wallis, trans. in The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, N. Y.: The Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887), Vol. 4, pp. 177-178 and From H. Achelis, Die Canones Hippolyti (Leipzig, 1881), pp. 48-55. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.

Patrologia Latina
The Patrologia Latina Database is an electronic version of the first edition of Jacques-Paul Migne's PatrologiaLatina, published between 1844 and 1855, and the four volumes of indexes published between 1862 and 1865. The Patrologia Latina comprises the works of the Church Fathers from Tertullian in 200 AD to the death of PopeInnocent III in 1216.

Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions Theodosian Code XVI.i.2
from Henry Bettenson, ed., Documents of the Christian Church, (London: Oxford University Press, 1943), p. 31 Internet Medieval Source Book.

Medieval Sourcebook: Leo I and Attila
From the accounts translated in J. H. Robinson, Readings in European History, (Boston: Ginn, 1905), pp. 49-51Internet Medieval Source Book.


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