Rome: General Resources

General Resources

Bryn Mawr Classical Review
"Mostly a review journal of Greek and Latin classics, the database also includes public interest articles on the classics."

HISTOS:The New Electronic Journal of Ancient Histography

ACL Home Page (American Classical League)
In addition to providing electronic access to ACL documents, The ACL Home Page provides members and other interested people with resources of importance to the teaching and study of the Classics.

TOCS-IN
"TOCS-IN provides the tables of contents of a selection of Classics, Near Eastern Studies, and Religion journals, both in text format and through a Web search program. Where possible, links are given with articles of which the full text or an abstract is available online (about 6%)."

A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography by William Smith D.C.L & LL.D

Scholia Natal Studies in Classical Antiquity.
"Scholia, a journal of the Classics in Southern Africa edited collaboratively within the Department, features critical and pedagogical articles and reviews on a diverse range of subjects dealing with Classical antiquity, including late antique, medieval, Renaissance and early modern studies related to the classical tradition; in addition, there is information about Classics programmes in African universities and schools, news about museums and articles on classical artefacts in museums in Africa, and the B. X. de Wet Essay. Scholia is distributed to universities, libraries and scholars in thirty- eight countries. The journal is approved for subsidy purposes by the Department of Education and Culture, South Africa".

Classics Resources
"Almost all significant sites in the Classics can be accessed from one of three well-organized resource lists, copies of which may be accessed right here." Courtesy of the Washington University Classics Department.

Journal of Roman Archaeology, Annual Issues: tables of contents

"The Classics Collection Page: a compilation mounted by the University of Florida Libraries"

The Classics page at Ad Fontes Academy
"Pagina hac domestica certior fies, candide lector, de rebus classicis quas in universitate a Georgio Masone nomen trahente invenias. Praeterea, si vis, haec pagina te ducet non solum ad bibliothecas huius paginae in quibus conduntur textus rerum scriptorum oratorum poetarum aliorumque auctorum Latinorum sed etiam ad vincula electronica ubique terrarum sita quae nonnullas res Graecas Romanasque tibi pandent."

Lacus Curtius: into the Roman World by Bill Thayer
A comprehensive meta-index to sites of interest to students of Ancient Rome.

Forum Romanum
"Welcome to the Forum Romanum, my little hodgepodge of things about ancient Rome." Courtesy of David Camden.

SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana
"Rome, The Home of the Empire and all perfection." Copyright 2000, James Grout

VRoma: A Virtual Community for Teaching and Learning the Classics
"VRoma is first and foremost a community of scholars, both teachers and students, who help to create on-line resources for teaching Latin and ancient Roman culture and who use these resources in their courses."

Pomoerium. Classics Resources
Welcome to the Website of Pomoerium containing the latest & noteworthy in research, method and debatein Classics & Biblical Studies around the World We hope you've enjoyed your stay here! Site developed by Dr. R. Pankiewicz.

Nova Roma
"Nova Roma is an organization dedicated to the study and restoration of ancient Roman culture."

rogueclassicism: quidquid bene dictum est ab ullo, meum est ~ Seneca
Highlights recent developments in classical studies.

Internet Ancient History Resource Guide
"A map to the universe of Ancient Cyberspace. by Dr. Koenraad Verboven. University of Ghent (Belgium)."

Romeinen en Latjn
A visual, interactive and educational site for the secondary level. Intended for teachers of history and their students. To go to the English page: scroll to the home page and click on the animated US flag.

Illustrated History of the Roman Empire.
Includes chapters on the Founding of Rome, the Kings, the Republic, the Decline, the Collapse, Constantinople, the Army, the Emperors, religon and society, as well as interactive maps of Rome, the Empire and Italy and a online quiz.

UNRV.History: Roman Empire
"UNRV... United Nations of Roma Victor, represents the all encompassing power of Rome in the ancient world. United and Romanized, through conquest, or absorbed through its culture, Rome still stands today as a legacy to the achievement of mankind, and its failures. UNRV Roman Empire aims to give visitors a substantial look into what Rome was. We will delve into all aspects of its society and those of her neighbors, and perhaps share a greater understanding of our own world through that of the past. Through the sharing of archeological news, and in-depth content, we can only hope that just one person will be inspired to dig deeper into history. We hope to provide a forum for those who study Rome in all forms. A place for scholars, students and those who seek to learn, to exchange ideas and gather information. Perhaps just one influenced mind will be the discover of the next Rosetta Stone, or unveil the secrets of religion to the world."

Ancient Rome From the Earliest Times Down to 476 B.C. by Robert Pennell
A history of Rome by Robert F. Pennell, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 1891. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader plug-in is required. Courtesy of the Preservation Department, Case Western Reserve University.

Rome: Republic to Empire.
"The following web pages were created for a course I teach on Ancient Rome in Film Fiction, and Fact. To make the pages more useful to others, I have set up this list of topics with links to my web pages, many of which contain a number of sub-pages on specific aspects of the topic. Each topic page ends with a link to a source page containing specific bibliographic sources, thumbnails and information about the images used in the pages, and links to related external sites that my students and I have found useful." Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Antica Roma .
General overview of ancient Rome in Italian. Courtesy of Flavio Nitoglia.

PBS: The Roman Empire in the First Century.
"Two thousand years ago, the world was ruled by Rome,and Rome was in turmoil. From the chaos of civil war, the Roman Empire would rise even stronger to embrace hundreds of cultures, and till the soil from which westerncivilization would grow. Meet the Emperors of Rome, read the words of poets and philosophers, learn about life in the 1st Century AD,then try your skills in our "Emperor of Rome" game!"

Ancient History: ROMANS
"Mad emperors, brutal entertainments and lascivious lifestyles. These are the familiar images of ancient Rome, but what was it really like?"

www.imperiumromanum.info:Roman Numismatics, Art, History and Archeology
"This museum features a portrait gallery ofÊ Roman emperors and their families from the late Roman republic to the end of the western Roman Empire, both on coins and in sculpture. Pieces of art in marble and metal. In addition you will find Roman historical coins; countermarks on Roman coins; legionary stamps on Roman bricks; Roman military diploma; Roman military equipment; officials, provinces, buildings, animals, gods & mintmarks on Roman coins. It does not represent specific collections, not even of a network of collectors (who could be that rich anyway ?) It is a completelyÊ virtual museum, with scans from various sources. It thus took a lot of enthusiasm, but little budget to set up this museum."

Timeline: Ancient Rome.
"Provides a chronological index of the hisory of Ancient Rome with extensive links to internet resources. Emphasis is placed upon the use of primary source material and the new perspectives upon the role of women in ancient time."

Who was who in Roman times
The system contains information on 7200 persons living in Roman times,(or before), about 23000 links to 2000 documents containing furtherinformation, and links to 3000 images of these persons.

Forum Antiquum: Web Resources for Studies in Roman Art and Archaeology.
By Eric Kondratieff

On-Line Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics
"The new "On-line Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics" is provided as a service to teachers and students of Classics everywhere! Find the item you want and with a click of a mouse arrive at the distributor's on-line catalog page, where you can often preview it,hear it, see screenshots of it, read reviews of it, and order it right on-line!" copyright 2000 Janice Siegel.

Salvete! Welcome to Latinteach!
"LATINTEACH is an online e-mail discussion forum for Latin teachers. Our conversations include (but are certainly not limited to) pedagogy, teaching methodology and techniques, use of conversational Latin in the classroom, textbooks, incorporation of Roman culture into the curriculum, projects, lessons, etc. Basically, we discuss anything that has to do with teaching Latin!"

Ancient Rome
A meta index of internet sites related to ancient Rome from Teacher Oz's Kingdom of History.

The On-line Encyclopedia of the Roman Provinces
"A new reference work coming on-line this summer. For advance information contact Clayton Miles Lehmann. Preliminary versions of the following provinces are available now."

Ancient World Web: Meta Index
"This page is a compendium of Internet sites discussing, spot-lighting, or otherwise considering the Ancient World. Some sites are more accessible than others; I take no responsibility for the vagaries of the net, the contents of their pages, or the speed of their hardware. The quality of the services vary. I have tried to list all of the information I have access to; I do not have databases of people interested in various subjects or an extensive knowledge of everything on the Internet."

System of Life Institute meta index to sites of interest for students of Greek and Roman culture.
Additionally the site also indexes places of interest on the net for students of Medieval and modern philosophy.

KIRKE - Katalog der Internetressourcen für die Klassische Philologie aus Erlangen

Voice of the Shuttle : Classical Studies Page
Links to sites of interest to students of classical studies. By Alan Liu, Department of English, University of California.

Rassegna Degli Strumenti Informatici per lo Studio dell'Antichita Classica
di Alessandro Cristofori, Department of Ancient History, University of Bologna

Images from the History.
"Images from history of world art and archaeology for use in the classroom. Click a folder to open its contents, a sheet of paper to see a catalog of thumbnail images, and a thumbnail to see the full image. From the Images from History Page by Haines Brown, C.C.S.U. History Department

Electronic Resources for Classicists: The Second Generation by Maria C. Pantelia
"The following information was obtained mostly through frequent "trips" in the Cyberspace. Credit and many thanks are also due to James Ruebel, Iowa State University, who compiles the Repositories of Classical Texts or Publications, Ross Scaife, University of Kentucky, who maintains an extensive list of information and resources in the Univ. of Kentucky Classics Department Web server, Sebastian Heath whose Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology server is a great resource for Classics and Archaeology, and to the many subscribers of the CLASSICS Discussion Group, who have shared and continue to share information about new Internet resources with the rest of the group."

The Campanian Society, Inc.
"The Campanian Society, Inc.is a non-profit educational organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in the humanities and the fine arts andin the social and cultural history of Naples and Campania and of the ancient Greco-Roman world. In particular TheCampanian Society, Inc. sponsors activities and programs that are designed to heighten awareness and critical appreciation of the classical humanities, Greek and Roman social history, fine arts and architecture. Activities designed for innovative educators, discriminating travelers seeking cultural enrichment, adventurous adults, energetic retirees and explorers include programs which appeal to anyone interested in the literature, history, archaeology and overall culture of the Greco-Roman world and of ancient and modern Naples and the cities on the Bay. "

Roman Life Expectancy

Roman Art and Architecture
Courtesy of Kathryn Andrus-Walck, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.

Roman Basilicas: a Progress Report
By C. V. Walthew, Classics Ireland 1995 Volume 2, University College Dublin, Ireland.

Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome
An excellent data base of images of Greek and Roman sites in Italy (including a section specifically devoted to Rome), Sicily and France. Photographs by Leo C. Curran.

Latern Slides of Classical Antiquity: A CSA Project in Cooperation with Bryn Mawr College
"Images are grouped by country, city and/or site, building (where appropriate), and more detailed location as required by the number of images available. For instance, an image of a sculpted metope from the east side of the Parthenon would be found in Greece (country), Athens (city), Acropolis (site), Parthenon (building), east metopes (detailed location). All listings will be alphabetical, first by country, then by city within country, and so on. "

The Ambrose Collection
Philip Ambrose, Professor of Classics at the University of Vermont, has collected a number of slides for use with his students. This include numerous images of Greek, Etruscan and Roman works as well as images intended to illustrate the Metamorphoses.

Les Nereides dans les mosaiques romaines
"Les quelques mosaïques que je présente ici ont pour sujet des Néréides, déesses marines de la mythologie grecque, filles de Nérée." Courtesy of Diatoma Materials for the study of Women and Gender in the Ancient World

Roman Portrait Sculptures.
The Tom and Nan Riley Collection of Roman Portrait Sculptures.

LordBest's Gallery of Roman Emperors and Empresses: The Emperors.
"Rome went from a Republic, to a sprawling Empire in the last century BC. Over the next give centuries it was ruled by many different men, sometimes their rule was absolute, sometimes they were beset by usurpers. Sculptural objects depicting the emperors, from noble busts to glorious equestrian statues were commisioned accross the empire to pay homage to the rulers of the greatest state the world has ever known, encompassing one quarter of the worlds population living in the longest continuous peace humanity has ever known."

LordBest's Gallery of Roman Emperors and Empresses: The Empresses.
"Rome was host to many powerful women in its time, many of the female relations of the reigning Emperor exercised considerable power, others were mere pawns in political games. All of them, however, were the fashion setters of their time, influencing hairstyles and fashions all accross the empire."

copying Caligula.
"The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen, Denmark, have a marble head of the Roman Emperor Caligula, probably carved between 39 and 41 AD, with traces of polychromy (or paint) on the surface. Although such sculptures were painted originally, it is extremely rare for any of the polychromy to survive until the present day. The curators and conservators in Denmark wanted to study the pigments used on the marble head of Caligula and reconstruct a painted replica. Non-contact 3D laser scanning was the perfect means to do this, as traditional techniques, such as taking a mould from the original, would have damaged the delicate and important painted surface. The data captured during laser scanning was used to produce a replica marble head."

Reflections on the Roman World.
"The curator of a show of Roman glass now at the University Museum tells how the ancient glassworking industry reveals as much about the Romans as their architecture, thirst for conquest, or tendency to murder their emperors." By Stuart Flemming. Copyright 1998 The Pennsylvania Gazette.

Wondrous Glass: Reflections on the World of Rome c. 50 B.C. - A.D. 650.
Ancient Glass in the Kelsey Museum.

Looking Through Roman Glass by David Whitehouse.
Courtesy of Archaeology, September 8, 1997. © 1997 by the Archaeological Institute of America

Glassmaking in Antiquity by Susan Hampton
"The origin of glass is not precisely known. Glass making has been around for millenia, but the art of glass blowing is a more recent invention which originated around 50 B.C.. There are many different methods of shaping glass, as well as different ways to color it. Thousands of examples of ancient glass have survived, and we can examine them to compare ancient techniques with modern practices. There are also a few ancient glass-blowing sites, and, while they are not well preserved, they are of some interest. Since there are no written records of the actual process of glass blowing, I will give comparative evidence from colonial Jamestown in Virginia."

Roman Glass: Reflections on Cultural Change.
"ROMAN GLASS: Reflections on Cultural Change is a traveling exhibition organized by the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology that illustrates how the craft of glassmaking was influenced by historical events and changing social values in the Roman World."

Carpets of Stone: The Graeco-Roman Legacy in the Levant. By Claudine Dauphin
Classics Ireland,Volume 4 (1997).

Sample Plan of a Roman House
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Roman House
Excerpted from Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome by Leo C. Curran.

A Bibliography on Roman Domestic Architecture
"The following is a bibliography in a state of being assembled. Its professed focus is Roman domestic architecture. There may be sources related to urban planning, social organization, etc., which I would like to flag and group together, in order to increase this page's utility. " by Joshua Brandt. Courtesy of LacusCurtius by Bil Thayer.

HomeSite of Senex Caecilius Rome
"Genuflex, his ianitor, waits to take you to another locus where you can view scenes from his travels to ancient sites. Or, you can tour the domus on your own. (You can enter every room from anywhere in the domus except the library.)"

Villa Ivillia
"Domina wishes to make you welcome to the Villa, and as you explore, you will become aquainted with the rhythm of daily life in ancient Rome and learn about fashions for men and women, dining and cuisine, and home life."

Ancient Civilization City-state Virtual Trip
Computer generated reconstructions of Ancient city states including Rome.

Diet in the Roman World: a regional inter-site comparison of the mammal bones
"The aim of this paper is to set out the evidence for regional patterns in diet during the Roman period. It uses a specific sector of archaeological data to explore the notions of Romanization, inter-regional influence and diachronic change. That sector is the mammal bones in faunal assemblages from excavations: an area of data gathering that has only developed significantly since the 1970s, and is therefore relatively new in terms of yielding useful results." By Anthony King.

Antique Roman Dishes - Collection

Roman Orgy
Everything you ever wanted to know about the ancient art of roman cooking.

Real Roman Recipes
by Carla Raimer. . . for a day at the baths. Excerpted from Secrets of the Lost Empires: Roman baths

De Re Coquinaria
"Alternately titled De opsoniis et condimentis sive de re culinaria libri decem (Ten books on catering and seasoning, or on cookery). It contains about 500 recipes divided into ten books." In Latin. Courtesy of Forum Romanum

Roman Recipes and Menus: Three Roman Meals
Courtesy of C. A. E. Luschnig, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures University of Idaho, Moscow.

Antique Roman Dishes - Collection
Translated by Micaela Pantke.

Roman recipes of the upper classes
Excerpted from the Romans in Britain.

Roman Feasts and Holidays during the Late Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.

Age, Gender, and Status Divisions at Mealtime in the Roman House:a synopsis of the literary evidence
from: Pedar W. Foss, "Kitchens and Dining Rooms at Pompeii: the spatial and social relationship of cooking to eating in the Roman household," Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1994, 45-56.

Roman Clothing, Part I
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Roman Clothing, Part II (Women's Clothing)
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Roman Cosmetics and Perfume
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved

Roman Hair and Beards
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved

Roman Naming Conventions in the Late Roman Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved

Roman Nomenclature
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Pila
William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright © William P. Thayer 2002.

Roman Board Games
"Here you will find descriptions and images of game boards and playing stones for nine Roman board games. Directions for playing each game also are provided. Kowalski describes the context in which each game was played and notes which games were the favorites of regular folks and famous Romans, such as the Roman emperor Augustus." by Wally J. Kowalsk

Bellum Catilinae: This is Catiline's Home Page.

Roman Musical Instruments (Ptera, Auli, Hydrauli, etc.)
Courtesy of the Bellum Catilinae Home Page.

Ancient Musical Instruments
"Musical instruments in Antiquity ? Especially the Greek and Roman ones. That is what you will find around here. How did they look like, in which context were these things used and who played with it ? A remarkable search brings us interesting pictures and findings from the Antiquity. This Website came to life thanks to a paper I wrote at the University of Ghent. Now it is online for all those lovers of musical instruments, the Antiquity, Archeology."

Musical Instruments
"Various instruments were used by the Romans to make music in many situations: during dining, at public festivals, in musical performances, and on the military field. The table below lists some of the instruments they used." Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.

Doug Smith's Ancient Greek & Roman Coins Numismatic Topics from One Collector's Point of View.
An excellent overview of Greek and Roman coins for beginners as well as excellent scans of a number of issues.

Introduction to Roman Coins
History of Roman Coinage.

Bearers of Meaning: The Ottiia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins at Lawrence University.
"The idea for this catalogue and for the exhibition it accompanied followed closely and naturally upon Ottilia Buerger's decision to make Lawrence University the permanent home of her collection of ancient and Byzantine coins, for it became immediately apparent that the exceptional breadth and quality of the collection would permit us to explore not only the historical and aesthetic importance of coins themselves, but also their political,religious, economic, and artistic contexts."

Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage
"The subject of Roman numismatics spans almost eight hundred years, from early in the 3rd century B.C. to the Anastasian currency reform at the very end of the 5th century A.D. Although it began as the coinage of a relatively obscure central Italian city state, it quickly grew to bid me a large scale international currency" David R. Sear (c) copyright 1986 by Chicago Coin Club
A meta -index of sites relating to the study of ancient coins.

Virtual catalogue of Roman Coins
"Welcome to the Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins, a Web site devoted to helping students and teachers learn more about ancient Roman coins. These pages contain images and descriptions of coins from the Early Republic through the end of the 4th century A.D. and the formal division of the Roman Empire into east and west.
A meta -index of sites relating to the study of Roman coins."

Billets et Monnaies- Le site numismatique
Presented by cgb.fr the numismatic site. The site has 1500 excellent scans of Roman coins.

Roman Numismatic Gallery
"This is a non-commercial museum of roman coinage with coin scans from various sources. The museum consists of a portrait gallery of the roman emperors and their families from the period of Julius Caesar to the end of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D. In addition you will find historically interesting coins and a unique section on countermarks on Roman Coins"

Ancient Coins at the Museum of Antiquities.
"Over the past three years the Museum of Antiquities has displayed some 350 original Greek, Roman, and Medieval coinage. Now the Museum has decided to bring this wonderful exhibit to the internet."

Welcome to Wildwinds.
"Online reference, attribution, & valuation site for ancient Greek, Roman & Byzantine coins."

Ars Numistica
"Numismatic is the science of coins under an economic, legislative, metrological and artistic point of view. It has a great importance in the whole Historical and Archaeological science;Ê as a matter of fact into the peculiarity of a people or age the Coin holds a fundamental role: it has always reflected the political, economical, artistic and social trends of the time in which it developed. And who, approaching this subject, isn't charmed ? 27 centuries of history, kings, princes, usurpers and tyrants who learnt soon how to use this formidable propaganda instrument, handing down their ideas and customs... "

Aeqvitas.com
Extensive collection of Greek and Roman coins from the Heather Howard collection.

Sites of the Celators.
"This is not quite an Ancient Numismatics Page, nor a "My Summer Vacation" Travel Page. It aspires to have an element of the first and shamelessly concedes an aspect of the latter. I collect ancient coins and want to present a view of a few, as they are otherwise confined to a safety deposit box. I do love to travel and take pictures and share a shot or two. For this page, I'd like to do both -- but only in combination."

Roman Imperial Coin Pages
Site focuses on Julio-Claudian coinage. Copyright © 1999-2003 by James Pickering.

Numismatische Bilddatenbank Eichstätt 3024 Objekte
Searchab database of Roman coins from both the Republican and Imperial periods copled by the Lehrstuhl für Alte Geschichte der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt. In German.

The Coins of Pontius Pilate
"They are not really beautiful, or truly rare, nor are they of very great monetary value. Yet these apparently modest coins carry in their weight an era and an act which would have immense consequence to the history of the world. Indeed, they are closely associated with three basic factors which saw the foundation of Christianity:" By Jean-Philippe Fontanille.

Gordian III: Marcus Antonius Gordianus
"My name is Michael Mihalka and thanks for coming to my Gordian III page. Except where otherwise noted, all the coins on this site are in my collection. If you have a coin that is not here and would like to sell or trade please contact me at mihalkam_1999@yahoo.com. I have duplicates of about half the coins here. "

Philip I Emperor of Rome 244-249: Antoninianus Presentation
"The attached 10 pages cointain pictures and attributions for silver coins minted during his reign."

Coins of Probus
"This site is intended as a resource for anyone interested in the reign of the Roman emperor Probus, and his coinage."

Probus On-line
"The purpose of this website is to create an illustrated catalog of the coins and medallions of the emperor Probus. The coins will be index based on the numbering system used in Volume V, part 2 of "The Roman Imperial Coinage" (RIC)."

Ancient Baths Resource Site
Maintained by Garrett G. Fagan. Classics & Ancient Mediterranean Studies at The Pennsylvania State University. "Welcome to the apodyterium (changing room) of the Ancient Baths Resource Site! Just like the Roman bather, from here a variety of facilities lie open to you. (Please note, however, that this site is still under construction, so that not everything is up and running."

Mediterranean Baths: Early Greek and Roman Baths
"Providing social and recreational activities was a basic responsibility for early Greek and Roman rulers. As a result, baths and adjacent gymnasiums were as ubiquitous in the old world as movie theatres and gas stations are now. In the Iliad, Homer often mentions the Greek's passion for bathing." ©1997 Mikkel Aaland All Rights Reserved

Roman Baths and Bathing
"Of all the leisure activities, bathing was surely the most important for the greatest number of Romans, since it was part of the daily regimen for men of all classes, and many women as well. We think of bathing as a very private activity conducted in the home, but bathing in Rome was a communal activity, conducted for the most part in public facilities that in some ways resembled modern spas or health clubs (although they were far less expensive)." Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.

Secrets of the Lost Empire: Roman Bath
Nova site on Roman baths and Aqueducts. Excellent introduction, especially for the young reader.

Sanitation Engineering
"Disparate authors such as Celsus, Vitruvius, Pliny, Frontinus, Columella, Varro and Vegetius, show the Roman concept of health interwoven with the normal life and ordinary process of government in the Roman Empire." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.

Roman Aqueducts Today
An excellent introduction to the subject. Courtesy of Kentucky Educational Television

Aquae Urbis Romae: The Waters of the City of Rome
"An interactive cartographic history of the relationship between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from 753 BC to the present day. Aquae Urbis Romae examines the intersection between natural hydraulic elements such as springs, rain, streams, marshes, and the Tiber Riber, and tectonic hydraulic elements such as aqueducts, fountain,sewers, bridges, conduits, etc." Published by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Copyright 1998-2001.

Roman Sanitation during the Late Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper. All Rights Reserved.

Piscinae Salsae (Saltwater Fishponds)
"In his book De Re Rustica, Marcus Terentius Varro (116 - 27 BCE) wrote that ÒThere are two kinds offish-ponds, the fresh and the salt. The one is open to common folk, and not unprofitable, where the Nymphs furnish the water for our domestic fish; the ponds of the nobility, however, filled with sea-water, for which only Neptune can furnish the fish as well as the water, appeal more to the eye than to the purse, and exhaust the pouch of the owner rather than fill it" By Kirk Johnson.

Eels in Roman Gardens
"I expect that many of the people who visit Pompeii imagine that the pools in Pompeiian gardens were stocked with goldfish. Actually, goldfish are native to China and the Chinese seem to have domesticated the goldfish about a thousand years ago, so you shouldn't picture them in Pompeii's pools." By Kirk Johnson.

Ancient Roman Technology
"Ancient Roman Technology (ART) is an electronic handbook of ancient Roman technology. It was created by, and is maintained by, students and faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, but comments and input from all serious students and scholars, no matter what their field of expertise may be, are welcome."

Discovering Roman Technology
"The Monty Python team pondered many big questions, among them: 'What did the Romans ever do for us?' Adam Hart-Davis rises to the challenge, investigating the innovations of the invaders. From roads to recipes, Adam looks at the lasting impact that Roman ingenuity still has in our lives today." Categories include: Military might, Roads and surveying, Codes and signals, Food and baths, The wonderful wheel and Find out more. By Adam Hart-Davis

Greek and Roman Science and Technology
"This site has been designed to provide basic information on science and technology in ancient Greece and Rome. There are five main sections." "Who's who gives names, dates, brief biographies and bibliographic references for scientists and technologists in antiquity. What's what gives a brief explanation of and references for things, such as machines,schools, and buildings, especially those mentioned in The Big Picture. The Big Picture is a table putting ancient scientists and inventions in their wider historical context. There are columns for military, political, and other(= social,economic, intellectual) history, as well as one each for science and technology. Specific subjects (under development) will give basic information on the different subjects, namely, astronomy (includes astrology), biology, engineering, geography, manufacturing, mathematics, mechanics, medicine, and physics (includes chemistry). Texts and translations (under development) will have links to other sites where they can be found on-line, in Greek or in English translation. It will also list printed texts and translations by author."

Roman Traction Systems by Dr. Judith A. Weller
"There has been considerable misunderstanding by modern historians about traction by equids during Antiquity."

Roman Deep-vein Mining by Lynne Cohen Duncan
Nice introduction to Roman minning techniques.

Ancient Metallurgy Research Group
The AMRG support a range of research projects concerned with many aspects of ancient metal production and use from the origins of copper extraction and smelting, through the development, properties and fabrication of copper alloys, to iron working technologies and later historic mining and metallurgy. This work involves the study of a wide range of materials from finished artefacts to ores, refractories and furnace materials, slags and residues.

Copper From the Bronze Age to the Fall of Rome.
Courtesy of the Geology Project Homepage.

Rome: Engineering an Empire
Video tours of Caesar's bridge across the Rhine, the Claudian Aqueduct, Nero's Golden Palace, the Flavian Amphitheater, Trajan's Forum, Hadrian's Wall, the Pantheon and the Baths of Caracalla. Courtesy of the History Channel.

The Roman roads in the Mediterranean region and Europe.
"Discover the different facets of the Roman roads in the Mediterranean region." Courtesy of Viae Romane.org (c) Copyright all countries of Amergence Interactive.

Via Egnatia
"The "matrix" of the terrestrial communications network from Asia Minor to Europe may be seen as a fork opening in the area of Bosphorus. This is the starting point of two main routes, which immediately diverge. The first one, heading north-west, wedges in the Balkans and the Rhodope mountains climbing up the Maritsa basin and then Morava's, until the Beograd junction, where it continues until Central Europe following the right bank of Danube." Courtesy of Michele Fasolo.

The Construction & Makeup of Ancient Roman Roads by Adam Pawluk
Excerpted from Ancient Roman Technology.

The Riddle of Ancient Roman Concrete by David Moore, PE
"This article first appeared in "The Spillway" a newsletter of the US Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, February, 1993). Copyright 1993 David Moore, P.E.

Roman Buildings Archaeology by Robert Daniels-Dwyer
"This site is intended to provide a resource for those interested in the buildings archaeology of the Roman Empire, especially the archaeology of construction. There is currently a particular focus on the archaeology of Roman Italy and North Africa."

Instrumentum
"Formed in 1995, Instrumentum is a European working group on ancient crafts and manufactured products of Antiquity, covering the periods from the 8th century BCto the 5th century AD. Its aim is to collect for its members the available information on current research in Europe and the Mediterranean area on the crafts of the Iron Ages as well as the Greek and Roman worlds"

The AMPHORAS Project
Information on plain, unglazed, ceramic storage containers, with two handles, mostly pointed at the bottom, used to carry wine, oil, fish, and other commodities around the ancient Mediterranean. AMPHORAS is making available part of the archive collected by Virginia R. Grace at the excavations of the Agora at Athens, as well as some additional materials.

Amphora types according to Dressel
Amphora types according to Dressel.This table for dating amphoras is taken from Heinrich Dressel: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, band XV, Berlin 1899. The table mainly covers Roman types.

Welcome to Roman Ceramics !
A site devoted to the study of Roman ceramics. Courtesy of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum.

International Fabric Collection for Ceramics
An introduction to Roman ceramics by the University of Louvain, Belgium. In addition to discussions of archaeometry, classification and quantification, the site includes a catalogue of fabric types and summaries of some of the principal pottery types circulating in Northern Gaul and the Eastern Mediterranean. In French, an English version is upcomming.

Roman Pottery lost en route from the Kiln Site to the User - A Gazetteer by Michael Rhodes
Journal of Roman Pottery Studies, Volume 2, 1989, pages 44-58.ÊEdited by Rob Perrin.

Potsherds
"This is a collection of pages on pottery and ceramics in archaeology, principally of the Roman period (1st cent. BC - 5th cent. AD) in Britain and western Europe."

Navigare Necesse Est
"Not only for naval history buffs, but for all those who love the sea and the classics, and especially for those who, like me, are fascinated by Roman civilisation." By Domencio Carro

Lake Nemi Roman Ship Reconstruction Project
"This page has several functions, to find sponsors, inform the academic community, general interest etc. It is intended to have also a didactic purpose as time goes on. We would welcome input and suggestions from schools with regard to material which would be of interest. This is a unique event bringing together ancient history, naval architecture and modern shipbuilding under "one roof." Under the Patronage of the Italian Navy.

A Cache of Vintage Ships by Andrew L. Slayman "Nine Roman ships have been uncovered during construction at Pisa's San Rossore train station." Courtesy of Archaeology magazine, Volume 52 Number 4 July/August1999

Ships and Barges "Roman waterborne vessels took on as many forms as there were uses for them". Courtesy of Ancient Roman Technology.

Merchant vessels and maritime commerce in Roman times "During the Imperial period Rome was an enormous city inhabited by about one million people. It constituted an extraordinary market, such as would not be found again on western Mediterranean shores until the nineteenth century. The organisation of a constant traffic of heavy products across long distances led to the construction of extremely specialised vessels featuring exceptional nautical characteristics, in order to ensure the regular provisioning of food supplies for Rome.". By Giulia Boetto. Translated into English by Claire Calcagno

Early Roman Calendar
"The Romans borrowed parts of their earliest known calendar from the Greeks. The calendar consisted of 10 months in a year of 304 days. The Romans seem to have ignored the remaining 61 days, which fell in the middle of winter. The 10 months were named Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December. The last six names were taken from the words for five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten. Romulus, the legendary first ruler of Rome, is supposed to have introduced this calendar in the 700's B.C.E."

Calendopaedia - The Julian Calendar "The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It was in common use until the 1500s, when countries started changing to the Gregorian Calendar. However, some countries (for example, Greece and Russia) used it into this century, and the Orthodox church in Russia still uses it, as do some other Orthodox churches." Courtesy of Calendopaedia: The Encyclopedia of Calendars..

Roman Calendar
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.

Roman Numeral: Date Conversion Guide
"Purpose: This page is intended as a guide to deciphering Roman numeral year dates[1] as they are commonly found in the imprints of both modern and early printed books. It explains the basic principles for converting numbers from Roman to Arabic form and also describes some of the unusual features of Roman numerals that may be encountered in older books. It does not provide a history of the origin or development of Roman numerals; nor does it attempt to explain the ancient practice of numeration, or to prescribe present-day usage."

Roman Numerals and Calendar
"Some years ago, in response to requests from book collecting acquaintances and teachers, I put together some information about Roman numerals. These pages have turned out to be surprisingly popular and they have now been updated with illustrations".

Roman Weights and Measures
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.

Roman Money, Weights and Measures
Excerpted from the Silver Muse, Department of Classics, University of Texas.

Greek and Roman Weights, Measures, and Currency
Courtesy of the Program in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology University of Saskatchewan.

Roman Tables
The tables on this site are taken from; A Smaller Latin-English Dictionary by William Smith a classical examiner in the University of London John Murray, Albermarle Street 1865. Table cover Calender, Capacity, Length, Money, Surface and Weight. By Mike Neill.

Diotima: Women & Gender in the Ancient World
Materials for the study of women and gender in the Ancient World.

De Feminis Romanis: Latin Readings on Roman Women
By C.A.E. Luschnig and Erin Carney, Luke Henderson, Josh Livie. Courtesy of Diotima:Materials for the study of women and gender in the Ancient World.

Internet Women's History Sourcebook: Rome
© Paul Halsall

Marrige in Ancient Rome.
"The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz,1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans' actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status." Text Copyright Lucette Gatehouse 1999. All rights reserved.

A Roman Wedding.
"This site is a chronicle of our wedding, a resource for the student of Roman social history, and a guide for anyone seeking to create a Roman-themed wedding in real life or as a re-enactment."

The Women of Rome: Private Lives and Public Personae
"In the late first century B.C., around the year 5, a Roman man, mourning the death of his wife, had inscribed on stone a lengthy, detailed, and extremely touching, funerary epitaph commemorating her outstanding life, character, and deeds. I want to use this epitaph usually referred to as the Laudatio Turiae - praise of Turia - as my text to explore the enigmatic, complex world of Roman women: The ideals and cultural expectations placed on them, and, by contrast, the taboos and tensions they lived with as well as the system of rights and duties that mediated their lives in public and private."

Feminae Romanae: The Women of Ancient Rome
"In all of Roman literature surviving the fall of its Empire, only six short poems from a woman named Sulpicia have come down to us that speak in a woman's authentic voice. Yet more has been learned of Roman women in the past thirty years than in centuries before. From the Empress to her freedwoman, the good wife to the prostitute, the midwife to the scholar, this site presents an introduction to the history of the women of ancient Rome." Suzanne Cross © 2001. All Rights Reserved.

Bibliography of Children in Antiquity by Meir Bar-Ilan

Ancient Medicine/ Medicina Antiqua
A resource for the study of Greco-Roman medicine and medical thought from Mycenaean times until the fall of the Roman Empire

Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius
"An on-line exhibition prepared in conjunction with the Colloquium "Antiqua Medicina: Aspects in Ancient Medicine" held in McLeod Hall, at the Health Sciences Center of the University of Virginia on February 27, 1997.

The Asclepion
"Welcome to the Asclepion, a World Wide Web page devoted to the study of ancient medicine. This page was designed to be an internet source that presents the study of ancient medicine in a manner that is both accessible and useful to the general public and to students enrolled in the history course Ancient Medicine (History C380/580), taught by Professor Nancy Demand at Indiana University Bloomington."

Etruscan and Roman Medicine
"Pliny, in his Natural History, says that the first doctor (medicus) to come to Rome was Arcagathus, who arrived from the Greek Peloponnese in 219 BCE and was well received. Arcagathus was accorded the rights of citizenship and a medical shop was set up at state expense for his use. Prior to this time, Rome had no physicians and only home remedies were used." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library

The Doctor in Roman Society
"As a profession, medicine was more highly regarded in Greece than in Rome, however physicians were basically craftsmen, probably enjoying some esteem among their customers, but not being part of the socio-political elite." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library

Ancient Rome, Sophisticated Doctors
Brief overview of Roman medical practices. Courtesy of Medical Innovations and War.

Galen
"If the work of Hippocrates can be taken as representing the foundation of Greek medicine, then the work of Galen, who lived six centuries later, is the apex of that tradition. Galen crystallised all the best work of the Greek medical schools which had preceded his own time. It is essentially in the form of Galenism that Greek medicine was transmitted to the Renaissance scholars." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library

Women in Medicine
"Agnodice is a figure oft mentioned in the histories of the medical profession; but her story is largely unfamiliar to Classicists. She is credited with achieving a role, that of physician, forbidden to her by law. However, it is highly unlikely that she was an historical figure in third century Athens; instead she belongs to the realm of myth and folk tale. The only source for her tale is Hyginus, a Latin author of the first century CE." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.

Ancient Gynecology
"In ancient Greek society, male dominance extended even to childbirth. Greek medicine cast man as the bringer of sanity and health to biologically defective, subservient woman through intercourse, which was believed to relieve the buildup of menstrual blood around the heart. Men also received full credit for conception, since the womb was seen mainly as a receptacle for sperm. Abortion, if not condoned in the Hippocratic Oath, was permitted under Greek law, and infanticide, particularly of female newborns, was widely practiced." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library

Surgery and Surgical Instruments
"Finds of instruments throughout the Roman Empire indicate that the art of surgery had progressed and proliferated. If any one of the branches of medicine had achieved true competence in the Empire, surgery is the most serviceable example." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.

The Surgery of Ancient Rome: A Display of Surgical Instruments from Antiquity
"The original instruments were excavated from the House of the Surgeon at Pompeii, so named because of the materials that were recovered there. In 1947, reproductions of theseinstruments were presented to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library by the 8th Evacuation Medical Unit from the University of Virginia after its service in Italy during World War II. The collection is one of the best surviving examples of the tools at a surgeon's disposal in the first century BCE." Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.

Midwives and Maternity Care in the Roman World: By Valerie French
"The following article is from a special issue of Helios entitled "Rescuing Creusa: New Methodological Approaches to Women in Antiquity," (Helios, New Series 13(2), 1986, pp. 69-84). This article is particular enlightening not only for its detailed discussion of midwives and maternity care, but also because it examines the gap between "professional" care (the midwifes and doctors) and folk medicine."

Ophthalmology in Ancient Rome by Capasso L, M.D., Mariani Costantini R, M.D. University of Chieti, Italy.
Overview of Roman ophthalmological practices.

Slavery in the Roman Empire Numbers and Origins: By John Madden
Classics Ireland 1996 Volume 3 University College Dublin, Ireland.

Burial Places and Funeral Ceremonies
Excerpted from The Private Life of the Romans, Chapter 14, by Harold Whetstone Johnston, Revised by Mary Johnston Scott, Foresman and Company (1903, 1932) " Courtesy of Forum Romanum.

Death and the Romans
"All Romans died, but some did it more dramatically than others. The course will use literary and archaeological evidence to examine various aspects of the Roman approach to death." Courtesy of David Noy, Department of Classics University of Wales, Lampeter.

Polybius on Roman Funerals ( History , 6. 53-54)
Excerpted from VROma, Barbara F. McManus co-director.

Burial with the Romans
"The Romans normally respected the dead. But not always. Alison Taylor reports on mutilation, child sacrifice, burial alive and other such practices" British Archaeology March 2003, Issue 69.

Cremation in a Roman Port town
"Welcome to Cremation in a Roman Port Town, a virtual exhibit by Erik Zempel, Michael Grabinski, and Gregory Westbrook."

Roman Gladiatorial Games
An examination of gladiatorial combat and associated spectacles as a cultural phenomenon by Roger Dunkle. Courtesy of the Brooklyn College Classics Department.

Gladiatrix
"In Ancient Rome, warrior women fought to the death for the pleasure of the Emperor and the mob."

Lead and the Fall of Rome: A Bibliography
"Since the nineteenth century, there have been sporadic suggestions that the large-scale use of lead in antiquity contributed to the fall of Rome through heavy-metal poisoning.A request to the always-generous members of LT-ANTIQ for bibliography on this question produced the following results. Enjoy!" Compiled by Steve Muhlberger, Department of History, Nipissing University, from contributions to the list LT-ANTIQ.

Society for Late Antiquity
Presented courtesy of the University of South Carolina.

Worlds of Late Antiquity (O'Donnell)
This is a home page for miscellaneous materials relating to the culture of the Mediterranean world in late antiquity (roughly 200-700 C.E.). Some of it is organized for the benefit of instruction and there will be from time to time links of interest principally to my students, but there are also substantial materials of general interest. This page prepared and maintained by James J. O'Donnell.

Late Antiquity in the Mediterranean : A Guide to Online Resources.
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger, Associate Professor of History, Nipissing University. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.

A Visual Tour through Late Antiquity: With an emphasis on Gaul and the time of Gregory of Tours
Compiled by Steve Muhlberger.

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